In 1972 Dr. Terry O’Banion outlined a method of academic advising that incorporates five elements of the advising process:

Exploration of Life Goals
Exploration of Vocational Goals
Exploration of Program Choice
Exploration of Course Choice
Exploration of Scheduling Options
Basically there are certain skills, knowledge, and attitudes required by the personnel who provide advising services for students.

Need all skills mentioned under Life Goals, plus knowledge of vocational fields
skill in interpretation of tests

understanding of changing nature of work in society

acceptance of all fields of work as worthy and dignified

Knowledge of programs available in the college
knowledge of requirements of programs (special entrance requirements, fees, time commitments)

knowledge of university requirements for transfer programs

knowledge of how others have per- formed in the program

knowledge of follow-up success of those who have completed the program

Knowledge of courses available
knowledge of any special information regarding courses (pre- requisites, offered only in certain times, transferability; does the course meet graduation requirements?…

rules and regulations of the college regarding probation and suspension, limit on course load (academic and work limitations)

knowledge of honors courses or remedial courses

Knowledge of schedule
knowledge of the systems of scheduling and changing the schedule

knowledge of work and commuting requirements